In forging design the significant parameters are maximum load or energy which are required for the
selection of forging press or hammer. These two parameters are varied by the other paramelers such as the
geometry of die cavity, flash dimensions, shape of the work piece, friction, mechanical properties of the metal to
be forged, temperature, strain rate, and number of the forging operation.
The aim of the present paper is the introduction of a method mamed upper bound elemental technique
which takes into account all of the above parameters and predicts the optimum forging load, energy, and flash
dimensions by the aid of a computer. As the method is also able to predict the metal flow in die cavity, number of
the forging operation, and shape of the preform, it can be used for the design of forging dies.
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